International Comparisons
Research, Articles & Editorials

What Explains the Differences in International Performance?
The Consortium for Policy Research in Education (September 2003)

This paper reviews the data from  the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and explores the possible  implications for U.S. education policy, standards, curriculum, practice, and student achievement.
(Requires free download of Adobe Acrobat Reader.)

TIMSS Test Items
TIMSS (current)
TIMSS has just released the item sets for their achievement tests.  Follow the above link to view sample math and science problems for fourth-, eighth-, and twelfth-graders.

International Comparisons in Education
National Center for Education Statistics (current)
As part of its mandate from Congress, this division of the U.S. Department of Education supports and conducts international educational comparisons in order to report reliable data on a variety of subjects. Some of the latest studies available on the NCES Web site involve math and science achievement, student reading achievement, adult literacy, and civic education.

OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (current)
This regular survey of 15-year-olds from the U.S. and 31 other nations attempt to gauge students' readiness for adult life at the end of compulsory education. Although the first assessments are closely related to academic subjects (see sample items from the 2000 reading, math and science assessment; requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), PISA will also concentrate on the value of the skills acquired to continuing education and life beyond the school gates.

TIMSS Resource Page from the AFT
American Federation of Teachers (2000)
Released in 1997,  the Third International Mathematics and Science Study presented the U.S. and the rest of the world with some of the most comprehensive international educational comparisons to date.  The AFT's resource page presents news, research, policy reports and editorials pertaining to the TIMSS study and its impact on the way we view our education system, subject standards and the way we teach.

The Teaching Gap
James W. Stigler & James Hiebert (1999)

This book, supported with a grant from the Albert Shanker Institute (
read the press release) explores the school system's failure to support a culture of professional development for teachers. It compares what's lacking in teacher training in this country with what's working in Japan, where teachers spend time working together to improve their skills.

Learning from the TIMSS: Results from the
Third International Mathematics and Science Study

National Research Council (1997)

What exactly is the Third International Mathematics and Science Study and what does it mean for our schools? In 1997, a symposium was held to answer these questions and to initiate a discussion in hopes of advancing reform. This conference summary opens with a detailed look at the very complex nature of TIMSS. It also includes questions that were raised about the study and certain policy issues that were addressed. The symposium’s major themes are also presented.

Executive Summary: What Students Abroad Are
Expected to Know About Mathematics

American Federation of Teachers (1997)

This 1997 report by the AFT and the National Center for Improving Science Education (NCISE) shows much larger percentages of students in France, Germany, and Japan taking and passing demanding math exams than their American Counterparts. The report examines the French brevet, the German Realschule exam, and the Tokyo prefecture high school entrance exam.  Also compared are the various college entrance examinations administered in each country: the French baccalaureat, the German Abitur, the Tokyo University entrance examination and the SAT I, AP, and SAT II exams.

Press Release: What College-Bound Students Abroad Are
Expected to Know About Chemistry and Physics

American Federation of Teachers (1996)

The AFT/NCISE report, What College-Bound Students Abroad Are Expected to Know About Chemistry and Physics, illustrates how an integrated system of a common curriculum, exams based on that curriculum, and incentives for students lead to substantial proportions of students mastering demanding material.

Press Release: What College-Bound Students Abroad Are
Expected to Know About Science

American Federation of Teachers (1996)
Press release with the findings of a report that analyzes the actual exams taken by students in the U.S., France, Germany, Japan and Great Britain.

Defining World Class Standards Series
American Federation of Teachers (1994)

In this series, the AFT compares the youth of America to the rest of the world. This AFT mission statement announces its research of academic standards in foreign school systems. Using foreign standards as a measure of for what has been successful and what has not, American schools should be able to undertake reform initiatives with increased confidence.

 

 

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